What is Love Tim OBriens The Things They Carried Essay

Have you ever felt the feeling of butterflies in your stomach or heard the phrase â€Å"my heart skipped a beat for you†? As children, we grew up learning from our elders and experiencing new beginnings in life. Much of our knowledge has been brought upon by what we see and hear, rather of what we know. Many important decisions we make in our life has to do with what our feelings show us. Love is an important matter in our life because it motivates us in different ways. Love can be shown through emotions or even through actions. What is a valuable definition of love? A brief definition of love can be said to be a variety of different feelings or attitudes that ranges from interpersonal affection to pleasure. In other words, to me love is when†¦show more content†¦Jimmy Cross shows his emotions towards Martha right at the beginning of the novel by sharing to us the following: First Lieutenant Jimmy Cross carried letters from a girl named Martha, a Junior at Mount Sebastian College in New Jersey. They were not love letters, but Lieutenant Cross was hoping, so he kept them folded in plastic at the bottom of his rucksack. In the late afternoon, after a days march, he would dig his foxhole, wash his hands under a canteen, unwrap the letters, hold them with the tips of his fingers, and spend the last hour of light pretending. He would imagine romantic camping trips into the White Mountains in New Hampshire. He would sometimes taste the envelope flaps, knowing her tongue had been there. More than anything, he wanted Martha to love him as he loved her, but the letters were mostly chatty, elusive on the matter of love (O’Brein, 1) Unfortunately, this is the way that Jimmy sees love. It can be also described as an addiction or psychological problem that Mr. Cross has. Love should never be confused with lust. In this case, Martha’s friendship was confused by Jimmy. There are people that can confuse friendship as love and fall in love with an object or idea rather than the emotions. Sometimes people can confuse love of a person or an idea to something way different than what is being proclaimed, in such cases it can be only considered friendship. There are different methods of loving a person and object that atShow MoreRelatedEssay On The Things They Carried1624 Words   |  7 PagesFor the seventeen Soldiers portrayed in â€Å"The Things We Carried† by Tim O’Brien, the physical pain was very minimal weight to carry compared to the emotional scars that they will carry throughout their entire life. This story does an amazing job portraying full human emotion that anyone put into a situation would feel, such as heavy guilt, sadness, anger, lack of motivation, perseverance, horror, and false security. All of these are notorious feelings that every soldier back in history, and now stillRead MoreThe Things they Carried by Tim O ´Brien1948 Words   |  8 PagesWhen people think of war what comes to mind is death, torture, and destruction. War instil ls fear since everyone dreads involvement in the ordeal (Mazlish 10). The experience of war leaves people with physical and psychological scars. Tim Obrien in â€Å"The Things they Carried† brings to light the tribulations faced by the soldiers in their quest to restore peace. He asserts, ‘war is hell (Brien 8).’This is an exhilarating story that brings to light the fact that, despite their participation in the warRead MoreLeadership And Qualities Of A Leader1378 Words   |  6 Pagespeople above and beyond and stand firm through any storm. For instance we have individuals such as Abraham Lincoln and Thomas Jefferson who found it in themselves to lead our country. These two individuals made a difference in the world and no matter what gave the world hope that they would take us in the right direction. They set a standard that every President to follow would have some big shoes to fill. In the service I was taught to always have great respect for the Commander in Chief who is knownRead MoreTruth and Fiction in OBriens The Things They Carried1967 Words   |  8 Pages Truth and Fiction in Obriens The Things They Carried The Viet Nam War has been the most reviled conflict in United States history for many reasons, but it has produced some great literature. For some reason the emotion and depredation of war kindle in some people the ability to express themselves in a way that they may not have been able to do otherwise. Movies of the time period are great, but they are not able to elicit, seeing the extremely limited time crunch, the same images and charge

African Americans And Hispanics Of Mental Health Facilities

barriers may weigh into African-Americans and Hispanics cautiousness of mental health facilities. (Bailey et al., 2011). For example,African-American and Hispanics are less likely than European-Americans to receive outpatient treatment, In many African-American communities, there is a persistent belief that social and treatment service attempt to impose European-American values, adding to distrust of the treatment ( ). Self-Disclosure Within some cultures, mental health, domestic violence, any type of abuse, and addiction are shaming the family by revealing the details of a person life to another person outside the family household. Predominantly in African American and Hispanic American communities, there are significant more alcohol or drug use, which is seen as socially with other people, but not acceptable or seen as a sign of weakness when reporting information. Self-disclosure can be very problematic for some people because of their pasts of undergoing racial differences and injustice. Cultural factors can affect the types of behaviors that are thought to disregard social standards and the degree to which discrimination against a person who show nonnormative behavior is accepted (Corrigan, Druss, Perlick, 2014). A social and cultural problem affecting everyone whether as a victim of abuse, perpetrator, a friend or confidant of an abused person looking for ways to help. For instance, a violent person may be more likely than the nonviolent person to choose orShow MoreRelatedThe High Incarceration Rate Of Juveniles1748 Words   |  7 Pagesa whole as well as the youth’s individual welfare and developmental trajectory. Adolescents who are incarcerated in the juvenile justice system face a multitude of negative lifelong implications. The history of incarcerating youth in residential facilities such as juvenile halls, camps, ranches or group homes as a consequence for committing crimes has a deep-rooted history in the United States. â€Å"For more than a century, the predominant strategy for treatment and punishments of serious and sometimesRead MoreThe Prevalence Of Overweight / Obesity1616 Words   |  7 PagesPICOT Statement: POPULATION/PATIENT PROBLEM: Both researchers studied the incidence of overweight/obesity in African-American children. One related it to the low socioeconomic status of the caregivers (SEP) and this study/research was conducted in Pitt County, North Carolina. The other research, four childhood obesity perceptions among African-American caregivers in a rural area Georgia community relates overweight/obesity on the parents’ level of education, income, eating habits and lack of physicalRead MoreUnited State Prisons : Need Of A Complete Overhaul Essay1696 Words   |  7 Pagesjuveniles are detained every year and on any given day there are over 70,000 in detention. The biggest winner of this mass incarceration hasn’t been us, but the private prison companies also known as the private industrial complex. According to the American Civil Liberties Union in 2010 the two largest prison companies Corrections Corporation of America and The Geo Group, Inc. received nearly 3,000,000,000 dollars in revenue while their top executives each received 3,000,000 dollars in their annualRead MoreThe Demographics Of Mclennan County1237 Words   |  5 PagesOverview PURPOSE METHOD SUMMARY HEALTH RANKING SUMMARY Community Profile DEMOGRAPHICS The demographics of McLennan County can be found in Table 1. This information shows the change in the demographics from 2010 to 2014. As can be seen by the chart, there is not a huge amount of growth, but growth nonetheless. Growth and change is expected in this county in the coming years due to new developments in the downtown area including a new stadium, which provide opportunities to live and work closer inRead MoreEssay on Minority Mental Illness1063 Words   |  5 Pages Mental health is essential to overall health as well as efficiency. It is the foundation for thriving contributions to family, district, and culture. All through the lifespan, mental health is the source of thoughts and communication skills, knowledge, pliability, and self-esteem. It is all too easy to dismiss the worth of mental health until troubles emerges (Brager, G. amp; Holloway, S., 1978). Mental health troubles and illnesses are factual and disabling conditions that are experienced by oneRead MoreLif e Course Transition Case Study1091 Words   |  5 Pagesdemographic will require lengthy assistance in performing routine activities while others are marginally impacted by their condition. Mothers with ASD children on average work less and earn 35% less than mothers with no developmental disorder or other health limitations (Cidav, Marcus, Mandell, 2012). The high cost of the care can rapidly consume families’ financial savings and resources and lead to legal confrontations with insurance companies. It’s been reported that for families with ASD children,Read MoreA Brief Note On African American Adults And Obesity1480 Words   |  6 PagesRyan LeBlanc Methods of Social Research I Professor Weinshenker November 17, 2016 African American Adults and Obesity Introduction: In the US, there are tremendous disparities in health outcomes across different racial and ethnic groups. Non-Hispanic, African American adults, in particular, are known to â€Å"bear a disproportionate burden of disease, injury, death, and disability† when compared to the rest of the population. Many factors contribute to these disparities. According to the CDCRead MoreTaking a Look at Dementia1237 Words   |  5 PagesPeople with Dementia suffer with the mental inability to function daily in their life. It is not a specific disease but is a term that includes a range of symptoms that includes the loss of memory and cognitive skills that are severe enough to impair a person’s ability to function in everyday life. Alzheimer’s disease is one type of dementia. (What is Dementia) Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia. Symptoms of AD include loss of memory, inability to tell what time ofRead MoreBarriers And Disparities Of Health Care826 Words   |  4 Pagesrestrict or hinder people from receiving adequate and quality health care service. Health care disparities are those differences that negatively affects less advantaged group (Mehta, 2014). Health care barriers play a significant role in comprehending causes of disparities. This paper will discuss the obstacles and disparities that exist and affects healthcare. Barriers that Exist and Affected Healthcare Financial barriers to access health care are common in a low-income family when they are uninsuredRead MoreCommunity After School Program Essay1455 Words   |  6 Pagesmission is to provide high quality, diverse and accessible programs, services and facilities that enhance the quality of life for all ages, cultures, and abilities (Mission, 2017). While the mission does not directly speak to childhood obesity, it does speak to enhancing the quality of life for all ages. Childhood obesity has a direct correlation to lesser quality of life with regards to health, longevity, and overall mental and emotional satisfaction. The Mid County Recreation After School program exclusively

Cognitive Diversity and Individual Team †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Cognitive Diversity and Individual Team. Answer: Introduction The purpose of this study is to understand the impact of team work effectiveness on the motivation of the employees in respect with the selected organisation named My Little Genius Malaysia. There is a vital role of team work effectiveness in the motivation of the employees as well as in the growth, success and development of the organisation. The effective teams offer a cooperative and familiar working environment to the employees which help in boosting their morale to work which in turn enhances their motivation level (Hu and Liden, 2010). There are various significant researches and studies which have been conducted in past on team work effectiveness impact on employee motivation such as Boakye (2015) did a research in Ghana, West Africa. The reason behind conducting this research in Ghana was to understand the impact in a hospital where there was the convenience sampling as well as to understand the teamwork majorly from the notion of a hospital. The difference between this research and other researches is that it is taken from an individual perspective with limited sample. Thus, does not give a broader view of analysis. Hu and Liden (2010) did a research in companies of US and China. The reason behind conducting this research in US and China was to have a broader perspective. The difference between this research and other researches is that it involves a number of companies of both countries so to get an overall view rather than limited or individual view. Chen, Sharma, Edinger, Shapiro and Farh (2011) did a research in US and Public Republic of China (PRC). The reason behind conducting this research in US and PRC was to understand the impact on the undergraduate students of both the nations. The difference between this research and other researches is that it involves a number of companies of both countries so to get an overall view rather than limited or individual view but with a different sampling group which comprises of undergraduates. Issues in team works: While working in the teams, the most common issue faced is difficulty in decision making as when there are various number of members in a team and all of them have a different view point which complicates the decision making process (West, 2012). The second key issue is lack of participation of all the members as there are few people who are highly concerned for the success of the team whereas there are some members who not even participate. This results in increased conflicts and chaos (Tannenbaum, et al., 2012). But there are various benefits too of working in teams such as their develop learning and creativity as well as their takes place development of synergy by having a shared effort of all the team members for the accomplishment of a common objective which helps in faster accomplishment of the tasks (Levi, 2015). Reasons of issues: There are various issues while working in team as there are people from diverse cultural groups with different view points and perspectives (West, 2012). And this results in developing challenges for the team members to have association with each other (Levi, 2015). On the other hand there is increased level of creativity as number of people have diverse opinions which are unique and helps in building innovation (Nishii, 2013). Reasons of existence of issue in present time: The issues still exist because of the reasons that all the organisations are different and so the team and the team members (Shin, et al., 2012). Therefore a single theory or established approach cannot work in diverse teams and there exist various issues (Anderson, Poto?nik and Zhou, 2014). Questionnaire will be distributed among employee in My Little Genius Malaysia, the sample size will be 200 employees and data will be collected on May 2018. The research can be benefitted for the organisation as it will provide a clear view of the positive impact of team work effectiveness of the motivation of the employees and thus, the organization will focus on improving the effectiveness of the teams. References Anderson, N., Poto?nik, K. and Zhou, J., 2014. Innovation and creativity in organizations: A state-of-the-science review, prospective commentary, and guiding framework. Journal of Management,40(5), pp.1297-1333. Boakye, E.O., 2015. The impact of teamwork on employee performance, Pp.58. Accessed on: 2nd November, 2017. Accessed from: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Emmanuel_Boakye7/publication/284732729_The_impact_of_teamwork_on_employee_performance/links/5658bcea08ae4988a7b78b47/The-impact-of-teamwork-on-employee-performance.pdf Chen, G., Sharma, P.N., Edinger, S.K., Shapiro, D.L. and Farh, J.L., 2011. Motivating and demotivating forces in teams: cross-level influences of empowering leadership and relationship conflict.Journal of Applied Psychology,96(3), p.541. Hu, J. and Liden, R.C., 2015. Making a difference in the teamwork: Linking team prosocial motivation to team processes and effectiveness.Academy of Management Journal,58(4), pp.1102-1127. Levi, D., 2015.Group dynamics for teams. Sage Publications. Nishii, L.H., 2013. The benefits of climate for inclusion for gender-diverse groups. Academy of Management Journal,56(6), pp.1754-1774. Shin, S.J., Kim, T.Y., Lee, J.Y. and Bian, L., 2012. Cognitive team diversity and individual team member creativity: A cross-level interaction. Academy of Management Journal,55(1), pp.197-212. Tannenbaum, S.I., Mathieu, J.E., Salas, E. and Cohen, D., 2012. Teams are changing: Are research and practice evolving fast enough?.Industrial and Organizational Psychology,5(1), pp.2-24. West, M.A., 2012.Effective teamwork: Practical lessons from organizational research. John Wiley Sons.

Theravadan Buddhism Essay Example For Students

Theravadan Buddhism Essay Theravadan BuddhismThroughout history there have been numerous religions and theologies that men and women have entrusted their lives and ways of living to. One of the most intriguing is that of Buddhism. The great Buddha referred to his way as the middle way, and he, as the Enlightened One began the teachings of the religion with his first five Ascetics who he shows his middle way. This great occasion is the start to what will be known as Theravadan Buddhism. Although Theravadan Buddhism would later be seen as the small vehicle, it provides the first idea of the doctrine anatman or having no-self that shapes the ideas of every Buddhist today. We will write a custom essay on Theravadan Buddhism specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Theravadan Buddhism which means The teaching of the elders, is the teaching of the Buddha in its true traditional form. After attaining enlightenment under the Bohdi tree, the Buddha returns to five ascetic monks he had been associated with previously. He taught them the essential parts of Buddhism which include the vital Four Noble Truths. These teachings were taught by monks, and they give the fundamental truths on which the religion was founded. These are the Four Noble Truths: (1) all life is inevitably filled with sorrow; (2) sorrow is directly due to craving; (3) sorrow can only be stopped by stopping the craving; and (4) this can be done only by disciplined and moral conduct with meditation led by the Buddhist monk. These truths show that the Buddhists saw all things as transient, and being transient there is no eternal Self or soul, hence anatman or no true self. While the Theravadan Buddhist practiced the idea of anatman, there were other movements that practiced the idea of atman or true self. The Upanishadic movement, which started about 300 years before the Theravadan practice, revolves around a story of a boy who Yama tells there is a self in everyone. This true self or atman is covered up by the illusion of an individual. As this way of thinking was being taught, people began to uprise and question if religion is worth it. This leads to many ascetic movements in which people leave their homes to be scavengers. Because this could be done by any it began to get very popular. The many ascetic movements gave rise to many different individual movements, but the main one besides Buddhism was Jainism. Jainism was a movement that said in every thing there is a Jiva or soul which resembles the atman. Karma is the stuff or gunk that covers up the Jivas and makes things appear to be different. Even though a monk was the only one who could totally free Jivas, lay people could do good deeds and suffer willingly to dissipate karma from their atman. In this move ment the final step for a monk to reach Nirvana was the starving to death of ones self. In a complete contrast to the teachings of the Jainic movement the Theravadan Buddhists saw there being no atman at all. Buddhists accepted the teaching of the doctrine of karma which causes all who have it to be reborn into a state of life according to the built up karma. The only way to stop this rebirth is to achieve Nirvana. The state of non-existence or annihilation. They also felt that when passing from one existence to another no permanent entity or atman transmigrated from body to body. The reason for there being no self is because self can not be found in the five basic aggregates or Skandhas. These being matter, feeling, perception, constructing activities, and consciousness were all made up of dharma or small atomic units. This seems to be contradictory because if there is no self then these dharma shouldnt be present because they would in a sense create a self, even if they just came in and left every second. .u8173530bfedd8bbeb64e3752e3fa90f4 , .u8173530bfedd8bbeb64e3752e3fa90f4 .postImageUrl , .u8173530bfedd8bbeb64e3752e3fa90f4 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8173530bfedd8bbeb64e3752e3fa90f4 , .u8173530bfedd8bbeb64e3752e3fa90f4:hover , .u8173530bfedd8bbeb64e3752e3fa90f4:visited , .u8173530bfedd8bbeb64e3752e3fa90f4:active { border:0!important; } .u8173530bfedd8bbeb64e3752e3fa90f4 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8173530bfedd8bbeb64e3752e3fa90f4 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8173530bfedd8bbeb64e3752e3fa90f4:active , .u8173530bfedd8bbeb64e3752e3fa90f4:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8173530bfedd8bbeb64e3752e3fa90f4 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8173530bfedd8bbeb64e3752e3fa90f4 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8173530bfedd8bbeb64e3752e3fa90f4 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8173530bfedd8bbeb64e3752e3fa90f4 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8173530bfedd8bbeb64e3752e3fa90f4:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8173530bfedd8bbeb64e3752e3fa90f4 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8173530bfedd8bbeb64e3752e3fa90f4 .u8173530bfedd8bbeb64e3752e3fa90f4-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8173530bfedd8bbeb64e3752e3fa90f4:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Charlemagne, or Charles the Great, King of the Franks (742-814) EssayThe Theravadan Buddhists were very particular in what they practiced and what they worshipped. They were never found praising idols or human images, rather they took to praising the Bodhi trees, footprints, and stupas or burial mounds. Their worship centered around the continuous life and rebirth into one of the five levels of society. These were heavenly devas, humans, animals and plants,

What You Need to Know About the Epic Poem Beowulf

What You Need to Know About the Epic Poem 'Beowulf' Beowulf is the oldest surviving epic poem in the English language and the earliest piece of vernacular European literature. Perhaps the most common question readers have is what language Beowulf was written in originally. The first manuscript was written in the language of the Saxons, Old English, also known as Anglo-Saxon. Since then, the epic poem has been estimated to have been translated into 65 languages. However, many translators have struggled to maintain the flow and alliteration present within the complex text. Origins of Beowulf Little is known about this famous epic poems origins, unfortunately. Many believe that Beowulf may have been composed as an elegy for a king who died in the seventh century, but little evidence indicates who that king may have been. The burial rites described in the epic show a great similarity to the evidence found at Sutton Hoo, but too much remains unknown to form a direct correlation between the poem and the burial site. The poem may have been composed as early as around 700 C.E.  and evolved through many retellings before it was finally written down. Regardless, whoever  the original author may have been is lost to history. Beowulf  contains many  pagan  and folkloric elements, but there are undeniable Christian themes as well. This dichotomy has led some to interpret the epic as the work of more than one author. Others have seen it as symbolic of the transition from paganism to Christianity in  early medieval Britain. The extreme delicacy of the manuscript, the perceived two separate hands that inscribed the text, and the complete lack of clues to the identity of the author make a realistic determination difficult at best. Originally untitled, in the 19th century the poem was eventually  referred to by the name of its Scandinavian hero, whose adventures are its primary focus. While some historical elements run through the poem, the hero and the story are both fictional. History of theManuscript The sole manuscript of Beowulf  dates to around the year 1000. Handwriting style reveals that it was inscribed by two different people. Whether either scribe embellished or altered the original story is unknown. The earliest known owner of the manuscript was 16th-century scholar Lawrence Nowell. In the 17th century, it became part of Robert Bruce Cottons collection and is therefore known as Cotton Vitellius A.XV.  The manuscript is now in the British Library, although in 1731 the manuscript suffered irreparable damage in a fire. The first transcription of the poem was made by Icelandic scholar Grà ­mur Jà ³nsson Thorkelin in 1818. Since the manuscript has decayed further, Thorkelins version is highly prized, yet its accuracy has been questioned. In 1845, the pages of the manuscript were mounted in paper frames to save them from further damage. This protected the pages, but it also covered some of the letters around the edges. In 1993, the British Library initiated the Electronic Beowulf Project. Through the use of special infrared and ultraviolet lighting techniques, the covered letters were revealed as electronic images of the manuscript were made. TheStory Beowulf is a fictional prince of the Geats of southern Sweden who comes to Denmark to help King Hrothgar rid his fabulous hall, Heorot, of a terrible monster known as Grendel. The hero mortally wounds the creature, who flees the hall to die in its lair. The next night, Grendels mother comes to Heorot to avenge her offspring and kills one of Hrothgars men. Beowulf tracks her down and kills her, then returns to Heorot, where he receives great honors and gifts before returning home. After ruling the Geats for half a century in peace, Beowulf must face a dragon who threatens his land. Unlike his earlier battles, this confrontation is terrible and deadly. He is deserted by all his retainers except his kinsman Wiglaf, and though he defeats the dragon he is mortally wounded. His funeral and a lament end the poem. The Impact of Beowulf Much has been written about this epic poem, and it will surely continue to inspire scholarly investigation and debate, both literary and historical. For decades students have undertaken the difficult task of learning Old English in order to read it in its original language. The poem has also inspired fresh creative works, from Tolkiens Lord of the Rings to Michael Crichtons Eaters of the Dead, and it will probably continue to do so for centuries to come. Translations of Beowulf Originally written in Old English, the first translation of the poem was into Latin by Thorkelin, in connection with his transcription of 1818. Two years later Nicolai Grundtvig made the first translation into a modern language, Danish. The first translation into modern English was made by J. M. Kemble in 1837. In total, it is estimated that the epic poem has been translated into 65 languages.   Since then there have been many modern English translations. The version done by Francis B. Gummere in 1919 is out of copyright and freely available at several websites. Many more recent translations, in both prose and verse form, are available today.

Limiting Reactant Theoretical Yield (Worked Problem)

Limiting Reactant Theoretical Yield (Worked Problem) The limiting reactant of a reaction is the reactant that would run out first if all the reactants were to be reacted together. Once the limiting reactant is completely consumed, the reaction would cease to progress. The theoretic yield of a reaction is the amount of products produced when the limiting reactant runs out. This worked example chemistry problem shows how to determine the limiting reactant and calculate the theoretical yield of a chemical reaction. Limiting Reactant and Theoretical Yield Problem You are given the following reaction: 2 H2(g) O2(g) → 2 H2O(l) Calculate: a. the stoichiometric ratio of moles H2 to moles O2b. the actual moles H2 to moles O2 when 1.50 mol H2 is mixed with 1.00 mol O2c. the limiting reactant (H2 or O2) for the mixture in part (b)d. the theoretical yield, in moles, of H2O for the mixture in part (b) Solution a. The stoichiometric ratio is given by using the coefficients of the balanced equation. The coefficients are the numbers listed before each formula. This equation is already balanced, so refer to the tutorial on balancing equations if you need further help: 2 mol H2 / mol O2 b. The actual ratio refers to the number of moles actually provided for the reaction. This may or may not be the same as the stoichiometric ratio. In this case, it is different: 1.50 mol H2 / 1.00 mol O2 1.50 mol H2 / mol O2 c. Note that the actual ratio of smaller than the required or stoichiometric ratio, which means there is insufficient H2 to react with all of the O2 that has been provided. The insufficient component (H2) is the limiting reactant. Another way to put it is to say that O2 is in excess. When the reaction has proceeded to completion, all of the H2 will have been consumed, leaving some O2 and the product, H2O. d. Theoretical yield is based on the calculation using the amount of limiting reactant, 1.50 mol H2. Given that 2 mol H2 forms 2 mol H2O, we get: theoretical yield H2O 1.50 mol H2 x 2 mol H2O / 2 mol H2 theoretical yield H2O 1.50 mol H2O Note that the only requirement for performing this calculation is knowing the amount of the limiting reactant and the ratio of the amount of limiting reactant to the amount of product. Answers a. 2 mol H2 / mol O2b. 1.50 mol H2 / mol O2c. H2d. 1.50 mol H2O Tips for Working This Type of Problem The most important point to remember is that you are dealing with the molar ratio between the reactants and products. If you are given a value in grams, you need to convert it to moles. If youre asked to supply a number in grams, you convert back from the moles used in the calculation.The limiting reactant isnt automatically the one with the smallest number of moles. For example, say you have 1.0 moles of hydrogen and 0.9 moles of oxygen in the reaction to make water. If you didnt look at the stoichiometric ratio between the reactants, you might choose oxygen as the limiting reactant, yet hydrogen and oxygen react in a 2:1 ratio, so youd actually expend the hydrogen much sooner than youd use up the oxygen.When youre asked to give quantities, watch the number of significant figures. They always matter in chemistry!

A Study of the Factors that Influcence Customer Decision-making in Essay

A Study of the Factors that Influcence Customer Decision-making in Choosing Local Thai Hotel - Essay Example The work, of which this is a record, has been carried out by myself unless otherwise stated and where the work is mine, it reflects personal views and values. All quotations have been distinguished by quotation marks and all sources of information have been acknowledged by means of references including those of the internet. Lodging has long been a necessity practice and maintained by people around the world whenever they visit new places. The basic idea of lodging is to provide comfort through the means of providing space for people would recuperate after long hours of journey. Basic provision includes single space bed, a bathroom and small furniture such as chairs and tables. However, as time passes and competition growing between owners who operate lodging houses or hotels in these days, there have been rapid changes that could now be seen in present day hotels. According to American Hotel & Lodging Association (2002), in order to provide better services and to increase the profits of these hotels, modern facilities have been included. These include climate control materials such as air conditioning and heater. Fancy materials have also been included such as television, internet connectivity, and expensive necessities such as soaps, shampoos and perfumes. In bigger hotels that aim for international r ecognition and greater number of customers, they have provided additional facilities such as seminar rooms, restaurant, swimming pools and gyms. All of these are to win the favor of the customer in choosing their hotel over the others. According to Anthony, Anthony and Ghosh (2004), in the modern hotel industry, such functions or additional facilities have played an important role for customers or tourists in choosing their hotels. Knowing the attributes that determine accommodation choice, features which consumers perceive as important or vital, and characteristics that influences higher rates of retention allows hotel

Management of service quality issue Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Management of service quality issue - Essay Example The valet parking service is generally provided by establishments such as hotels, restaurants, big business houses, malls and theatres. In the current research, various advantages and issues of valet parking with respect to the Address hotel has been discussed. The Address hotel is one of the well known and favourite destinations in Dubai. The hotel expects to increase its overall service quality and enhance customer satisfaction through better management of valet parking services. In order to identify the major problems in valet parking service quality, fishbone analysis and Pareto analysis tool have been used. Analysis of these two theories has revealed that there are six major problems which results in customer dissatisfaction and overall damage of the hotel’s brand image. After identification of these exact problems, various possible recommendations were suggested. Valet parking is convenient as well as affordable to the customers. In majority of cases, valet parking is ve ry cheap and affordable. Valet parking helps in improving the overall experience of the customer. The customers are able to start their experience with a pleasurable parking service facility. Introduction Valet parking is a common parking service provided by some stores, businesses and restaurants. The tradition was initiated in North America and then had spread to other parts of the globe such as Europe, Australia and Middle-east (Clarke and Chen, 2012). While self-parking customers need to find a parking place by themselves, in Valet parking the vehicles of customers are parked by an individual known as Valet. This kind of service either requires some charges to be paid by the car owner or it can be free of charge by the business or establishment. The major advantage of valet parking is that it is convenient. Customers need not walk distant places especially when they are carrying heavy things with them. A lot of handicapped customers rely on valet parking services as they cannot walk to the destination from a distant parking space. Valet parking is also convenient during bad weather conditions. In most of the high profile hotels and restaurants, valets are knowledgeable and professionals who are able to drive and place every model in their perfect places. It is also a method of saving space compared to normal street parking. The various venues where valet parking is currently used are single events, bar or restaurant locations, crowded settings, hotel locations, casinos, malls and airports (Kotler and Keller, 2006). Most individuals who provide valet parking services usually fall in the age group of 18-28. However, attendants as old as 60 can also be found working in this valet service. Turnover is quiet high for these services. Valet parking also includes certain types of equipments for example, valet podiums where vehicles are handed over to the valet, key boxes used for protecting and storing the keys and valet tickets to keep a check on the different ve hicles. In some urban areas and exceptional places, valet parking services are also provided for bikes. The purpose of the current project is to investigate and research the management of valet parking service. The project will throw light on how the service is being provided in five star hotels and how it is affecting the overall performance of these hotels. The organization taken for the project is Address hotel in Dubai. The Address hotel in Dubai is one of the well known hotel destinations. It is near by the sea shore and is situated in Dubai

Psychology and Scientific Method Essay Example for Free

Psychology and Scientific Method Essay There are many arguments that debunk the idea that psychology could ever be a ‘pure science’. In any event, psychology has been touted by many a philosopher as a pseudo-science. This is primarily because science itself has a fixed method by which they conduct scientific experiments. We discuss precisely what it is that makes a theory scientific, how theories can be related to evidence and the principal issues involved in evaluating a theory. We also look at what it is that a science of psychology should study. What aspects of psychology can be defined as scientific and what aspects are thoroughly based on conjecture? Can we really call psychology a scientific medium? The observable is what science studies. Freud was initially concerned with studying the unseen, while observing behaviors (Hays, 1964: 27). He believed that the insanity that is presented to the outside world was due to a complex internal mental mechanism (Hays, 1964: 27). However, Freud also fell short of one thing, hard evidence that these mental processes existed. Scientific method determines that there are 4 or 5 steps the researcher has to take in order to make the experiment valid in the eyes of the scientific community. Physics lecturer Jose Wudka states that these steps include: 1. Observation; 2. Hypothesis; 3. Prediction; 4. Test the prediction with experiment (Wudka, 1998). The last step may be that the prediction needs to be retested and the hypothesis revisited. If we take Freud as an example, his experiments were based almost entirely on observation with no empirical data to either prove or disprove his hypotheses. Theory remains just a theory until is proved as fact. Theories are therefore related to evidence in a crucial way. Firstly, there has to be evidence of something that can be studied: for instance in criminal justice we have a bullet cap left behind at a crime. This bullet may be lying in a certain way and with the added presence of gunshot residue (cordite) can help investigators to formulate a hypothesis about what happened with the particular crime. With the case of Freud for instance, we can observe behaviors of children or even adults, but we cannot say where it comes from without getting inside the head. This makes the evidence inadmissible and the theory remains just that – a theory. Secondly, evidence that is presented, has to be tested. This means that the evidence must relate to the theory it is trying to legitimate. In this case, the evidence either proves the theory or it forces the experimenter to return to the theory and rework it. A theory can be evaluated by means of this same testing procedure, key issues being predominantly about validity, verifiability and reliability. Take for instance the normal experimental procedure for empirical research that includes the presentation of a valid sample group that is anonymous and whose records are either thus or confidential. An example of theory testing in psychology that does follow the scientific method is that of medical and electrical testing. One particular research example in psychology is that of Electro Shock Therapy. In this case the treatment studied is reversed in that the EST was used to treat asthmatics, successfully. This case studied asthmatics brought in for EST after intense supervision prior to hospitalization. The patients were monitored before, during and after the treatment to see whether there is a relationship between hysteria and asthma (Cohen and Holbrook, 1947: 213). In this case the patients themselves provide the data necessary for testing the hypothesis. The hypothesis was that there was a relationship between hysteria and asthma. The results showed not only a relationship, but I significant reaction to Electro Shock Treatment (Cohen and Holbrook, 1947: 214). In other research, EST is studied for its effect on schizophrenia rather than the usual bipolar disorder. This research revealed that EST may be useful in the treatment of this psychotic illness. This especially when combined with medication (ScienceDaily, 2005). These research projects were conducted under strict supervision and with documentation the entire process. On the other side of the coin, there are arguments that also dispel scientific method. William McComas of the Rossier School of Education cites 15 myths about scientific method that he considers to be principal issues. In the scope of this paper we cannot discuss all of McComas’ issues but a few will be discussed. The first of these is that hypotheses become theories and then become laws. This is not always the case since sometimes the evidence does not uphold the hypothesis. He also says that theory is not always absolute. Theory can only be absolute if there are no exceptions and in psychology particularly, there are almost always exceptions. Science and scientific method are also not always absolute proof, nor does it always answer all the questions (McComas, 1998: 2-9). In tune with the fact that the evidence does not always support the hypothesis, science does also not always represent reality but functions as a model around which scientific developments can be made (McComas, 1998: 9-18). Furthermore and specifically in psychology terms, these theories are flouted by the presence of some elements in a patient that do not fit the ‘textbook’ description of a certain ailment. For instance, it could be said that most cases of borderline personality disorder come from upper to middle class sectors and develop this type of disorder as a textbook concern, not all BPD patients are upper to middle class. This is merely an example of the type of issue that faces the social sciences where individuals cannot be controlled in the way that plant slides or blood tests can be. The science of psychology is about people and the nuances thereof. It is aware that humans are temperamental and also subject to the actions of other people. This means that psychology can be studied as an observation, by viewing the behaviors of people and documenting them. Psychology cannot be studied in the same way as other sciences can be, despite the fact that in empirical sciences there are also issues of compliance. If we consider that communicable diseases such as HIV/Aids can be physically examined, that blood cells and antibodies can be made visible and studied in their physical form, psychology is not the same. Inroads have been made to attempt to clarify tests done decades earlier, such as Pavlov’s conditioning studies, but unless a method becomes available to view thought processes, these theories remain unproved. The visible is the first step to studying science, but psychology hits a wall after that. We know certain aspects of psychology, such as schizophrenia is as much a neurological disorder as a psychiatric one, but there are other psychological issues we do not know. This means that psychology has to be studied in a multidisciplinary way, rather than as purely scientific. In qualitative research as in quantitative, issues of evaluation are the same. In some psychiatric cases, a patient may also have medical problems, such as diabetes, epilepsy or malnutrition and these can be physically seen. There are indeed ways in which psychology fails the test of scientific method, and therefore falls into the category of ‘pseudo science’. However, there are issues in pure sciences that also fall short of the elitist idea of science. Films such Stanley Kubrick’s â€Å"A Clockwork Orange† explore the idea of experimentation with the human brain, but to undergo such testing even with the consent of volunteers, would be considered inhumane. It seems to be ethical to test chemicals on animals or to test explosives in remote areas, but not ethical to perform potentially dangerous tests on human brains. This leaves psychological testing with the likes of psychometric testing and theories, yet again. As discussed, scientific method is reliant on having the evidence to back it up, whereas psychological is based on assumption to a large extent. Psychological profiling is an example of this in that given the evidence presented, a criminal can be profiled by the marks he leaves behind. Seldom is this knowledge enough to prove someone is guilty of not.

Irony as an Instrument Essay -- Ironic Irony Essays

Irony as an Instrument Its 7:09 am and Olivia is woken up by a wetness between her legs. She looks down and finds that the wetness is actually her water that broke. She anxiously wakes up her husband John, and the two of them quickly gather their things. After nine long months of waiting, John and Olivia are finally on their way to the hospital to welcome their first child into the world. The two have already chosen Jacob Alexander as the baby's name and have the nursery ready for him at home. Once at the hospital, Olivia and John meet with their doctor, Dr. Rodriguez, who assures the anxious couple that everything will be fine and their new son will be in their arms in just a matter of hours. It is now 8:22 am and the pain from Olivia's contractions is beginning to grow stronger. Several hours later, Olivia is in crucial pain but is only dilated 4 1/2 centimeters and is beginning to bleed. Knowing that something is wrong, Dr. Rodriguez realizes that the baby's heart rate is declining and that Olivia's blo od pressure has significantly dropped as well. Worried about the health of both the baby and Olivia, Dr. Rodriquez decides that emergency surgery would be the only way to have a successful delivery. Before preparing for surgery, he once again reassures the family that everything will be just fine and shows John to the waiting room. After hours of surgery with several complications, Dr. Rodriguez has successfully delivered baby Jacob but unfortunately could not save Olivia. Soon after Jacob was born, Olivia began hemorrhaging and there was no way for Dr. Rodriguez to stop the bleeding. She simply lost too much blood and he was unable to save her. With his pounding heart caught in his throat and a feeling failure, Dr. Rodri... ...on why readers respond to irony is because it catches them off guard. By incorporating the element of irony, the author has an opportunity to provoke desired emotions within the reader then change them within an instant. In both stories, the thoughts and expectations of the reader were altered and the truth was revealed. No matter who the author, one truth about irony remains: there will always be an inconsistency between what you predict and what will actually transpire. Now isn't that ironic? Works Cited Bierce, Ambrose. "An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge." Literature: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama. 8th Edition. Eds. Dana Gioia, X.J. Kennedy. New York: Longman, 2002, 513-520. Gioia, Dana, X. J. Kennedy. "Glossary of Literary Terms." Literature: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama. 8th Edition. New York: Longman, 2002, G1-G32.

Human Instincts

Psychology Unit 1 Paper Human Instincts There are many arguments about whether human beings have instincts and not just responsive reflexes. I believe human beings all have natural born instincts. The definition of instincts tell us that they are unlearned and involuntary, which we all experience as humans. When animals are born they have certain instincts, just like humans. Instincts are in unlearned â€Å"fixed action patterns† or reactions to certain kinds of stimulis. Whether a particular behavior pattern is learned it is not always easy to determine because some behaviors can be changed by personal experiences.Any behavior is instinctive if it is performed without any prior knowledge, also known as a innate biological factor. You were born with instincts that are there to help you survive. Instincts are behavioral patters that do not seem to be learned , they occur in almost finished form the first time they are triggered. There is a complex relationship between instinct, habit and reason Theories involving these concepts typically have many implications, from the causes of human action to the nature of social order. The terms instinct and habit both have unfortunate intellectual baggage.Nevertheless, for convenience I retain the word instinct as a tag for biologically inherited dispositions. Habit refers to learned dispositions. Instincts are inherited through genes, and habits through culture and institutions Instincts are argued by some to be reflexes. â€Å"A instinct should distinguished from a reflex which is a simple response of an organism to specific stimulus, such as the contraction of the pupil in response to a bright light or the spasmodic movement of the lower leg when the knee is tapped.Instincts, in contrast, are inborn complex patterns of behavior that must exist in every member of the species and that cannot be overcome by force of will. However, the absence of volitional capacity must not be confused with an inability to modify fi xed action patterns. For example, people may be able to modify a stimulated fixed action pattern by consciously recognizing the point of its activation and simply stop doing it, whereas animals without a sufficiently strong volitional capacity may not be able to disengage from their fixed action patterns, once activated. † (http://www. trans4mind. om/) Some people deny their instincts. Although we can repress our natural drives, these drives express themselves sooner or later. However, instinct serves a purpose on a basic level, instinct helps to assure our biological survival for surviving and maintain life. † It is a permanent part of the repertoire of tools which allows us to respond to the many types of stimuli and challenges which we encounter all of which spur us to become even more conscious and responsive. †(www. trans4mind. com/) Some common cited example of instincts in humans are the materal instinct and the survivial instinct.These examples do not agree to the scientific definition of instinct. Many females don’t desire children.. Males tend to contradict their own survival through suicide. The role of instincts in determining the behavior of animals varies from species to species. The more complex the neural system of an animal, the greater is the role of the cerebral cortex, and social learning, and instincts play a lesser role. Babies have a variety of instincts because they do many of the same patterns , such as sucking their thumb which wasn’t taught. Human beings have three types of instincts; survival, procreation, and worship. Instincts, such as the instinct of survival, manifest itself as an ensemble of organic and vital needs and drives. These needs and drives are not instincts but aspects that emanate from the instincts. †The need to defend oneself from harms way is a example of survival. Other examples include having fear, courage, and hope. â€Å"Sexual desires can be satisfied through sexual inte rcourse — sexual intercourse can ultimately lead to the birth of a new child, continuing the existence of humanity by means of procreation. The love for one’s spouse is another aspect of the instinct of procreation.The tendency of a parent to love and even risk his or her life in order to protect the child is an example of caring for someone who came about as a result of the act of procreation; accordingly, this love is reciprocated by the child to the parent as well to one’s relatives, such as in the kindness to family. †( dsc. discovery. com/)The most difficult part about understanding  human  instinct is that  human  brains are complex and may sometimes override instinct or over express it. People seem less tied to instinctual behavior than other animals. I Believe that humans definitely have instincts.I also believe that human do have certain reflexes and habits as well. Certain times of your life you can be put in a position where you are aske d to defend your life, and our instincts will kick in. We would be over protective and scared, but those are just instincts to stay alive. There has always been that one time where you had a feeling you shouldn’t be around that certain group of kids at that point of time just because you knew something bad would happen, and you get that instinct of fear, so you choose to leave that situation and get out.Human instincts are unlearned, involuntary, a punch of complex fixed action patterns, they are activated by stimuli, and is presented in every member of the species. Works Cited: http://www. trans4mind. com/jamesharveystout/instinct. htm#Instinct causes, by definition, an unconscious act. http://dsc. discovery. com/adventure/6-types-of-natural-instincts. html http://brothermahdi. tripod. com/threeinstincts. html

The Story of Herbert Ernest Bates “The Beauty of the Dead”.

Interpretation by Arkadiy Kurakin The story of Herbert Ernest Bates â€Å"The Beauty of the Dead†. The story is a unit of literary fiction. The author uses different expressive means and stylistic devices to show the reader the idea of the story, such as epithets, metaphor, similar, oxymoron, irony, hyperbola, understatement, etc. The protagonist of this story is Mr. Grimshaw. This is a complex character, reticent, gloomy. His surname is rather significant.The adjective â€Å"grim† means harsh, merciless, severe; ghastly, joyless, sinister (has a grim truth in it); unpleasant, unattractive. – expresses here the impression to be made by him on a reader. We can see his mercilessness from the following phrase: he turned with satisfaction to look at his wife, who lay dying on the bed. From his interaction with the minor character it occurs that though his relative consider him to be another, he is so a man that his name gives our an impression.The most important acti on of the protagonist is his inner thoughts, his choice in using sudden circumstances, his impulse to go through all the events happened. The minor characters is his wife. We do not know and the author do not let us know her name and it is significant because her name is of no account as her character is weak-willed, dull and infirm. What why he doesn't care about her inner world and doesn't interpret her as a person. Stylistic AnalysisThe story â€Å"The Beauty of the Dead† by Herbert Ernest Bates is casual in its subject-matter, describing a particular place at a particular time. In analysing this story we must point out its three main features: 1) the effect of striking concreteness and simplicity; 2) the impression of a melancholy meditating tone; 3) the implication suggested by the author as the ultimate stylistic effect. These three peculiarities are linked and interwoven to produce a joint impression, the EMs and SDs of the story are aimed at achieving the desired effe ct.SDs used in describing the picture are aimed at arousing a concrete image: epithets â€Å"yellow†, â€Å"grassy†, metonymical periphrasis â€Å"wanted wear† and â€Å"no step had trodden black† suggesting paths which are seldom used. A careful and inclusive analysis must consider linguistic items at various levels, as all stylistically significant features form a complex. The impression of colloquial intonation of reminiscence is mainly created in the story through enjambment. The pause in the middle of the line (see the third lines in the first and the last stanzas) makes the tone of the lines natural and meditating.The combination of the SDs of enjambment and anadiplosis (the repetition of the pronoun â€Å"I† at the end of the line and at the beginning of the next line) in the last stanza produces the impression of a kind of afterthought uttered quite naturally after a pause: Lexical EMs and SDs emphasise the melancholy tone of the story. Thi s SD is that of antonomasia. The proper name is substituted by a common noun which stands in certain relations to the name. Beatrice in her reply to Benedick treats the word â€Å"disdain† as a living being ascribing to it human qualities.Hence here we have the SD of personification. Stylistic Analysis This story is one of Hemingway's masterpieces. It gives a deep insight into human nature and a true picture of contemporary social and family relations in bourgeois society. The writer leaves the surface comparatively bare: the meaning is plain and simple. The impression of simplicity which strikes the reader from the first is brought out not only by the plain dialogues, the common matter-of-fact events at the beginning of the story but by the language itself.A close study of the story for the purposes of examining its style involves a careful observation and a detailed description of the language phenomena at various levels. The text of the story is not homogeneous: the author 's narration is interrupted by the dialogues of the characters; inner thoughts of come characters (mostly Wilson's) are imperceptibly interwoven with the narration. A rigorous analysis of the vocabulary of the story clearly shows that the author employs common words in his narration and a restricted number of colloquial words in the dialogue and represented speech.Here are some examples of colloquial words: â€Å"†¦ †. In many instances the reader sees that the number of synonyms is deliberately restricted. Note the use of verbs of communication (â€Å"to say† and its synonyms) times; â€Å"to tell† — 3; â€Å"to ask† — 2; â€Å"to speak†, â€Å"to agree†Ã¢â‚¬â€ once each. No other verb of communication is used. Besides, the author does not usually add any adverbial modifier to show the manner in which the character speaks. See the first page where the author plainly states â€Å"†. The impression of impassive matt er-of-fact narration is brought out also by a very limited use of words denoting feelings.On the first pages we can find only the following words: â€Å"pretending†, â€Å"in triumph†, â€Å"smiled†, â€Å"liked†, Author’s scrupulous attention to minute details adds to the matter-of-fact and logical tone of the story. Underneath this simple exterior of restraint there lies a rich treasure of suggestions and implications. The very structure of the story adds to the effect of implication but the actual meaning of what is going on is not clear at the beginning of the story, as the feelings suggested by the writer are not precisely determined.The reader however feels that something has happened and that the characters are strained and full of hidden apprehension and suppressed emotions. The effect of implication ( ) and suspense () is brought about in various ways, firstly by the direct means of stating that something has happened but not revealing wha t. Observe the repetition of the word â€Å"happen†. Note the word â€Å"pretending† which characterises from the start the atmosphere of suppressed emotion.Note the various cases of logical periphrasis used by the characters to say in a round-about way what happened that morning. The reader is kept in constant suspense: â€Å"the whole thing†; â€Å"about it†; â€Å"that lion business†; â€Å"something like today†. Observe also the repeated use of the verb â€Å"to forget† stressing the intention of the speaker not to think of some unpleasant fact; the verb â€Å"to forget† is used four times and its contextual synonym â€Å"to drop† — twice. The hints and suggestive remarks uttered by the characters in their seemingly plain unpretentious dialogues are very effective in their implication.The effect of implication and suspense is brought about indirectly too: The macro-context that comes after these words affects them and determines their meaning. The peculiar use of the verbs â€Å"to look† and â€Å"to smile† may also be regarded as an indirect means of creating the effect of implication. However additional contextual meaning and emotive colouring is received mainly from the macrocontext. This manner of describing the character's reaction and emotions by presenting simple external actions may be considered a specific SD—metonymical description which is realised only in the macrocontext.The SD of metonymical description makes the reader supply what is missing and creates the effect of implication. This is one of the ways in which Hemingway employs his â€Å"iceberg principle†: â€Å"I leave out what I know but knowledge is what makes the underwater part of the iceberg,† writes Hemingway. In a similar way the writer uses the verb â€Å"to smile†: the implication conveyed by this verb is also brought out in the macrocontext. The role of the macroconte xt in Hemingway's story is of utmost importance. Note instances where the verb â€Å"to smile† is used: â€Å"So author's story devoid at the beginning of any apparent emotional colouring, of any apparent expression of the characters' feelings is impassive and matter-of-fact only on the surface whereas beneath the surface can be found intense emotions, meditations, sufferings. Note that the feelings and emotional reactions of Mrs. Macomber and Wilson are mostly conveyed by this means. Note the role of repetition in heightening the impression of growing fear: the word â€Å"fear† is used here twice, and the word â€Å"afraid† is repeated three times.One more note about author's usage of words and how it is related to the description of his characters. The impartial tone and the absence of emotive words in describing Mrs. Macomber may be accounted for by two reasons: the writer's principle to leave the surface comparatively bare of any emotion, and the desire to emphasise the woman's nature by choosing relevant words and expressions (note the writer's way to explain her purpose for desiring to marry again — â€Å"to better herself†). Analyse the use of the adjectives â€Å"red† and â€Å"blue† in the story.Similarly, the adjective â€Å"blue† is affected by the surrounding words (it is constantly used in such combinations as â€Å"cold blue eyes†, â€Å"his flat, blue, machinegunner's eyes†) and had acquired an additional contextual meaning making it an epithet in the macrocontext. It is the macrocontext that determines the meanings of some words and suggests their implication in author’s story, and therefore should not be underestimated. The grammatical peculiarities of the story serve the basic stylistic purpose — that of giving the impression of simplicity and mpartiality on the one hand, and creating implication and emotional tension, on the other. Long sentences which are s o characteristic of the author's narration in the story do not produce a sense of complexity. On the contrary, the long sentences give the illusion of simplicity. The impression of simplicity is generally maintained by a peculiar sentence structure. The most striking feature which is easily observed is the repetition of one and the same conjunction within the sentence. Read this sentence: † † Similar structures can be seen on the same page: â€Å" † The use of one and the same conjunction and one and the ame type of subordinate clause within the sentence (a complex sentence with successive subordination) creates a monotonous analogous description where the author seems concerned only with presenting a bare enumeration of details. It is interesting to point out that folklore contains clear-cut structures of this type with successive subordination as in the well-known nursery rhyme â€Å"This is the house that Jack built†¦ â€Å". The established syntactical pattern which is repeated within the sentence is a stylistically significant feature in the story leading to a seeming lack of variety and maintaining the effect of simplicity.Note that this holds true not only of the sentence-structure but to a larger extent of the paragraph-structure. The established pattern (or patterns) is repeated with a slight variation throughout the paragraph giving the impression of analogy and logic in structure. Read the paragraph on p. XX beginning: â€Å" † The predominant sentence-type in the above paragraph is the complex sentence with a subordinate clause of time. The conjunction â€Å"when† is repeated five times, the conjunctions â€Å"while† and â€Å"before† are used once each. The paragraph being a unity of ideas presents in the story a striking unity of syntactic structure.There is no conspicuous topic sentence, the paragraph gives a series of details or actions which go on and on, as if the writer assumes that his r eaders want only to learn as quickly and easily as possible what happens. The unity of the paragraph manifests itself in the established syntactical pattern used throughout the whole of the paragraph and in the one and the same conjunction. Repetition assumes in the story various structural forms. Catch-word repetition (anadiplosis) is frequently used giving the impression of plain, logical structure: â€Å"Margot looked at them both and they both saw that she was going to cry. â€Å"But more than shame he felt cold, hollow fear in him. The fear was still there†¦ â€Å". Note that anadiplosis produces the effect of a â€Å"chain-pattern† structure similar to that produced by successive subordination often used in the story. Anadiplosis is sometimes employed to connect successive paragraphs. The dominant conjunction which is employed frequently and variously in the story is â€Å"and†. The repetition of the conjunction â€Å"and† usually maintains paralle lism and rhythm: â€Å"† The effect of a rhythmical arrangement is heightened in this example by alliteration at the end of the paragraph.Suspense which is the basic compositional feature of the story manifests itself in the structure of most paragraphs. Read the paragraph by which the first part of the story culminates: â€Å"† Note that the paragraph tends toward balanced structure for the sake of contrast: â€Å"Macomber did not know†¦ ,† â€Å"Wilson knew†¦ â€Å". The repeated use of the words â€Å"knew†, â€Å"did not know† adds to the effect of contrast and gives the impression of a certain established pattern of the paragraph.Observe that parallel constructions are interrupted by inserting modifiers (three instances of subordinate clause of time introduced by â€Å"before†, â€Å"when†, â€Å"when†) and some other relevant detail. Syntactical parallelism supported and intensified by lexical repetition (four instances of â€Å"know†; â€Å"nor †¦ nor†; â€Å"when, when †¦ â€Å"; â€Å"how, how †¦ â€Å") lends an unmistakable rhythm to the passage. Note that the length of sentences and clauses is shortened and the number of inserted details is lessened by the end of the paragraph and so causing a change in rhythm: from a slow, even rhythm to a rapid, excited rhythm.This change of rhythm heightens the emotional tension and reinforces the implication suggested by the last unexpected sentence of the paragraph: â€Å"He did not know how his wife felt except that she was through with him. † The repeated words do not assume any definite compositional pattern, such a simple scattered repetition contributes to the impression of a colloquial simplicity of narration: â€Å"† The principle of repetition which reveals itself in the use of the established syntactic pattern and the repetition of one and the same conjunction often leads to the SD of cum ulation: â€Å"† The clash between the yntactical analogy and semantic distance in the SD of cumulation brings about the effect of implication and hints at the real relations of the characters. All these similar features contribute to the impression of parallelism in the structure of the paragraph. Cumulation is striking as the clash between the grammatical identity and semantic difference is sudden and strong. Cumulation gives rise to implication and presents the first obvious hint at what happened before the story began. The main dramatic force is achieved by syntax — by the writer's masterly utilisation of the resources concealed in the syntactic structure of the language.Stylistic tendencies and peculiarities of the story manifest themselves in the passage most intensely and palpably. The passage tends to rhythmical structure: parallel constructions, various types of repetition, a peculiar scheme of sense-group division — all contribute to this impression. A ll these features lend balance to the passage. A change in rhythm from slow to rapid reinforces the effect of suspense and climax. Suspense is created by a number of interrupting but relevant details postponing the completion of the thought.The length of the interrupting phrases and coordinate clauses is shortened by the end of the passage (note once again that the last three clauses contain two sense-groups while the first four — three or six) and causing a change in rhythm adds to emotional tension. The sentences are not so long, not so fragmentary, the relevant details are not so numerous. Note that some details are repeated (â€Å"like slate† — â€Å"like hitting a slate roof†). The rhythm of the paragraph is even and quiet giving the impression of an impassionate description.The paragraph may be regarded as a kind of comment on what happened. Note the use of the Past Perfect which plainly refers the actions to those which have been mentioned. The ide a of suspense and the effect of implication is masterfully revealed at the end of the story — the writer does not say plainly whether it was an accident or murder. The writer presents only a sequence of outward actions and the reader is left to imagine more than the words themselves convey. Assignments for Stylistic Analysis: 1. Speak on the subject-matter and the idea of the story. . Analyse the structure of the poem (its stanzas, rhythm, rhymes), note instances of enjambment and speak on its stylistic function. 3. What characters of the novel are described in the passage and what does the reader learn about them? 4. Who are the major and minor character/s? Describe them shortly. 5. What impression do you get from the protagonist? Discuss his/her character and his/her views as they are revealed through his/her speech. Describe the protagonist’s state of hopelessness and frustration. Comment on the protagonist’s words: â€Å"†. 6.Analyse the direct speech and speak on its peculiarities. 7. Discuss the meaning of the saying: â€Å"† and comment on its stylistic peculiarity. Say why he/she uses it. Speak on the way he/she interprets the above mentioned saying. What SD is used by him? 8. Find cases of periphrasis in her speech and speak of their function. 9. Discuss she attitude towards the situation, comment on lexical and phonetic EMs and SDs used in her speech and speak of the effect achieved through the use of these devices. 10. Pick out various types of metaphors and comment on their stylistic effect. 1. Comment on the meaning and stylistic peculiarities of some lines. 12. Dwell on the implication suggested by the author. 13. Pick out epithets, state their types and structure and speak on their stylistic function. 14. Comment on the exclamatory sentence 15. How do you account for the sudden transmission from literary vocabulary mostly used by the author (â€Å"under the auspices†, etc. ) to the colloquial words (â₠¬Å"a confounded quarrelsome highbred jade†)? What stylistic effect is achieved by this device? 16. Comment on the stylistic effect of the rhetorical question: 17.Speak on the author's attitude towards the society he describes. Pay attention to the EMs and SDs employed by the author (note the vocabulary of the passage, metaphors, metonymies, allusions, rhetorical questions and their stylistic function). 18. Speak on the scene and the characters introduced in the excerpt and SDs used to describe them. 19. Find various forms of repetition in the author's narration: the repetition of a sound (alliteration); of a conjunction (polysyndeton); of a notional word; of a syntactical pattern (parallelism) and speak on the role of repetition in the structure of a paragraph. 0. Analyse the SD of repetition from the point of view of its compositional design (anaphora, anadiplosis etc. ); note what kind of repetition prevails in the excerpt; speak on the stylistic functions of repetition. 21. Take the Xth paragraph for rigorous analysis; in doing so dwell on the following points: 1) the main thought of the paragraph and the way it is developed; 2) the SD of polysyndeton; 3) the metaphor, the way it is prolonged and the stylistic effect achieved; 4) represented speech, its type and stylistic function; 5) antithesis as the culmination point of the paragraph. 2. Comment on the different ways author manipulates with the remarks of the characters. 23. Summing up the analysis of the chapter pick out all passages where the author's ironic or sarcastic attitude towards high society and its corrupt morality is acutely felt and analyse the main SDs used to achieve this effect. 24. Summing up the analysis of the chapter/extract/passage/story, speak on the allegoric character of the story and on various SDs used to make the particular effect..

Handling International Terrorism essays

Handling International Terrorism essays The September 11th attacks marked a clear escalation in quality of international terrorism. They have comprehensively changed the way in which we think about terrorism and react to it. The terrorist attacks proved that geographical separation from the area of operations no longer safeguards homeland security. It further reinforces the widely held assumption that international terrorism is the main threat to European security. Nowadays words and concepts such as culture of fear, civilization clash, rogue states, pre-emptive war, weapons of mass distraction, willing coalition and asymmetric war have become very common, even in informal speeches and in daily discussions with friends and family. International terrorism is a very wide problem that encapsulate a different and varied aspects. The type of terrorism causing most contemporary international concern is a very complex phenomenon. Its manifestations, such as a systematic use of violence and intimidation, are as many and various as its motivations. Its peculiarity is in its capacity to reinvent itself. It does not have flags or border. It would be a big mistake if we assumed that any group with an extreme ideology must be directed by al-Qaeda, or by one of its regional offshoots. Terrorists have surprised and shocked us - in terms of who has been targeted, when, how and on what scale. Terrorists simply do not always do what others expect them to do. There is a significant capacity for terrorists to do harm, and on a very large scale, and it should never be underestimated. Commuter transport systems remain immensely vulnerable in every major city in the world (i.e. the nerve agent Sarin, used in Tokyo underground attack); highly destructive conventional bombs can be made using the cheapest and most freely available mat ...

5 Ways to Reach the Level of Ronald Reagan Speech Writers

5 Ways to Reach the Level of Ronald Reagan Speech Writers 5 Ways to Reach the Level of Ronald Reagan Speech Writers A speech is a kind of presentation that is essential to prepare correctly. Your speech has to captivate the audience and move them in a way that other presentations do not. Ronald Reagan’s performances were always superb, and following his masterful example can give us inspiration to write better. Of course, if we want to reach the highest level of speech writing, we have to practice a lot and sharpen our skills. Here are 5 tips on how to create a perfect speech in the same vein as the famous Ronald Reagan speech writers do this. 1. Profound Research Really do your research – not surface skimming of a few short pieces, but profound research. If you always mull over what you want to talk about for a while before you have to do it, your ideas will not be such a thing that you read off a paper and forget instantly. Instead, they will be a part of you, and your preparation will show in your confidence. A speech is a kind of presentation that you can’t just do off the cuff if you don’t know what you really feel about the particular topic. It should take you some research. 2. Target Audience Try to understand the audience. It is quite important to know whom you will be speaking to. If you’re addressing students, they won’t be interested in knowing how to withdraw an annuity, and if your audience is nothing but pensioners, they won’t be interested in risky investments that take about 30 years to be worthwhile. If there are special interest groups, think about their particular concerns and find a way to involve them in the body of your speech. Don’t think they won’t notice if you leave them out. Seeing things from your audience’s point of view is essential to connect with them while speaking. 3. Personal Experience Tell authentic stories from your own life or the lives of other people whom you know. Nothing gets an audience interested in, like a story where they want to keep listening so they can find out what will happen at the end. It doesn’t have to be a sensational story, and you definitely shouldn’t exaggerate what really happened. Even a short anecdote can help your main points sink in and make them more relatable to your audience – in other words, they bring the speech down from an abstract level to real life. 4. Created List Make a list of points to cover before you begin. In order not to miss anything, you have to make some notes. The order is essential here. You can still look up into the faces of the audience and speak extemporaneously on the same level, but you have to make sure that you are not missing an essential building block. 5. Expressed Emotions Use the emotion of beautiful, poetic language. In no speech of Reagan’s was this more true than in the difficult address he gave following the Challenger’s explosion and the deaths of six crewman and a schoolteacher. Peggy Noonan, a little-known speech writer, has created the perfect words for the occasion by remembering a poem from her childhood and including phrases from it in the speech. Who can forget Reagan saying, â€Å"We will never forget them, nor the last time we saw them, this morning, as they prepared for their journey and waved goodbye and ‘slipped the surly bonds of earth’ to ‘touch the face of God.† It is never too late, or too early to practice your writing as well as to sharpen your writing skills. Follow these tips to make your speeches catchy and memorable for the audience.

English teacher training in Sausi Arabia in light of the challenges of Research Proposal

English teacher training in Sausi Arabia in light of the challenges of reality and taking into account the requirements of the labor market - Research Proposal Example This may be caused by some of the reasons such as poor teach training, in-sufficient language learning settings, students’ immoderate attitudes, inappropriate materials or an amalgamation of all of the above mentioned causes (Al-Mohanna, 2008). Additionally, the educational system prevails over the use of the Arabic language, which is widely talked and understood throughout the academic world. Although this do not contribute the problems as much as the other factors, yet the English language finds a very less active response from the teachers involved in teaching English language. English as Foreign Language (EFL) teachers have found the presence of sufficiently unqualified teachers in the Gulf region (Syed, 2003, p.337) and EFL teacher preparation programs in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia can be understood as inadequate and nonsystematic (Al-Hazmi, 2003, p.341). Within the last four decades, graduates from the faculties of arts and graduates of college and education affiliated with the Saudi universities have been enabled to provide the services for EFL teachers in the country (Al-Hazmi, 2003, p.341). These teachers are trained and are provided with the bachelor’s degrees and associate’s degrees in the literature and in the English language. Additionally, colleges of education serve the students by educating them in the educational aspects; on the other hand, colleges of arts enable students to become English-Arabic translation specialists or English specialist, which may not be necessarily to enthrone them on the required level of English teache rs. Furthermore, both colleges of arts and EFL graduates of colleges of education are required to undergo a 4-year program; in which they are polished by offering courses in English literature, English language skills, applied linguistics, translation and linguistics. In

Final exam Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Final exam - Assignment Example Temin, further, argues against the efficiency of slave farming; as they argued that slaves were more efficient as compared to free white farmers (Temin et al. 739-783). a). Business unionism refers to trade-consciousness, where there is advocating for simple and pure trade-based union formation, as opposed to revolutionary or class-based union formation. In this case, the business unions are run like business ventures. On the other hand, class-conscious unionism refers to the labor unionization efforts that identify the class struggle existing between the different levels of the employees within the labor category (Fusfeld 3-23). b). Fusfeld talks of the period before 1918, as a time when labor radicalism and demand for changes was repressed by employers, working cooperatively with state and local governments – as well as court authorities. In other cases the national government came in to repress the attempts to bring about social change to the capitalistic model (Fusfeld 3-23). c). The new relationships between capitalist and workers become characteristic with class lines, where the workers were not asking for favors from the capitalistic model, but worked squarely on the basis of the class struggle. Here, the workers defiantly challenged the capitalist class – as a result of the awakening, to pursue class and better victory and living standards (Fusfeld 3-23). d). Engagement in unionization fosters political association on the basis of class – where it increases the workers’ political engagement, as well as the development of a distinctive work-based character. As a result, the erosion of unions leads to a decline in working class-based politics (Fusfeld 3-23). a).The institutionalist approach to looking at economics, places the focus on comprehending the role of the progressive process and the effect of organizations in influencing economic behavior. The approach views institutions in a

Welfare and Food Stamps Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Welfare and Food Stamps - Research Paper Example The program has tried to reduce hunger and improve food security among low-income Americans. This paper will discuss the high administration costs, alleged fraud cases in the program, and the negative effect on the labor market make it a failure. There is a need for urgent reforms in the food program to reduce enrolment and government spending, and localize it to the state level. The history of food stamps dates back to the 1930s. The Food Stamp program was both a farm price support program as an anti-poverty one. This has been the case since the early days of the program in the 1930s. The depletion of food surpluses and mismanagement saw the phase out of the program. It took several years to re-establish the program and congress passed legislation to provide food stamps to low-income Americans. However, only pilot programs took shape. It was only after President Lyndon Johnson directed congress to pass the Food Stamp Act of 1964 that saw the initiation of the modern food stamp program. The main aim of the program was to boost the agricultural economy and improve nutritional levels of Americans. Presently, it faces several challenges, especially after the 2002 farm bill, the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002, and Energy Act of 2008 under the Obama administration, allowed noncitizens to register. This, coupled with easier claiming of benefits, in creased the trend of registration to the program. After the change of name from ‘food stamps’ to the ‘Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program’, President Obama’s 2009 stimulus bill further stretched the program by increasing benefits by 13.6 percent (Tanner 2). Consequently, roughly 48 million Americans receive SNAP benefits today, and in so doing, this gives taxpayers a yearly cost of more than $78 billion (Tanner 2). Because of this surge, critics suggest that food stamps and the farm bill should be two separate entities

Competitive Advantage Through HR Outsourcing

Competitive Advantage Through HR Outsourcing Organizations getting their human resource function done out side the organization is known as HR outsourcing. With the help of HR outsourcing an organization hands over its human resource issues to be resolved by the third party and the third solves all issues related to human resource. Through outsourcing a company can avoid its internal cost to some extent and it will get better services at low cost because third party consultant holds highly competent HR professionals with them. If organization tries to hire those people it would be very costly for it. HR outsourcing gives access to those professionals at minimum cost and organizations get better solution. Now days, organization are trying to move towards HR outsourcing. Many of the organizations now adopt this concept and because of outsourcing, they are performing better. In my research I have tried to find out whether adopting HR outsourcing gives an edge to the organization or not. I set our initial hypothesis that organization gets competitive advantage if they go for HR outsourcing. In order to get results I have conducted a small scale research and on the basis of this research I concluded my findings. RESEARCH QUESTION Does an organization gain competitive advantage through HR outsourcing? RESEARCH OBJECTIVES HR outsourcing is gaining immense importance in the current era. Most of the organizations are now adopting HR outsourcing. It gives organizations double benefit, firstly they can avail services of key human resource professionals without hiring them and secondly organizations can get these benefits incurring very low cost. The basic objective of conducting this research is to find out the impact of HR outsourcing on organizational performance. In this research I have tried to find that organizations gain competitive advantage through HR outsourcing. What positive things they achieve through HR outsourcing. I have collected data from key HR personnel working in leading organizations. This research will assist almost every organization that is working at broader level. By analyzing the findings of this research organizations can get the idea whether they should adopt HR outsourcing or not. This research will also be helpful for those organizations that are considering HR outsourcing. I have also discovered that what benefits organizations achieve through HR outsourcing and what are other possibilities to gain other different benefits. LITERATURE REVIEW In the presence of theoretical model an organization identifies environmental and organizational characteristics that affect the performance of human resource in the organization. Particularly we address the issue according to the circumstance which contributes value for organization by the analysis of environmental and organizational characteristics that affect HR performance and relationship outsourcing mediates. We propose that supplier competition in HR is directly proportion to the HR depth performance. Uncertain situation of the environment like primary, competitive and supplier give the indications to develop the relationship between the performance of HR and amount of HR outsourcing and also between supplier competition and amount of outsourcing for asset specify the latest version of the paper was presented in Houston, Texas, March, 2003 at the Southwest Academy of Management meeting and received the paper award. It has been observed in different organizations that they are focusing on human resource outsourcing. This trend has been observed for last few years. In a research conducted by well reputed institutions of the world concluded in its findings the views of key HR personnel of different leading organizations that they outsource at least one function from the outside in order to increase productivity. P G signed an agreement to outsource HR service in 2004 for its operation spread all over the world. HR outsourcing is gaining rapid attention by different organizations, it is strongly recommended that organization should go through all aspects while outsourcing. In different surveys it has been found that it has declined the morale of employees and customer services are also not up to standards. It is still problem for the organizations that before going to outsourcing for the functions that previously did in the organization and decision solely based on cost and benefit analysis. (e.g.,AndersonWeitz, 1986;Belous, 1989; Greer, Youngblood, Gray, 1999; Gupta Gupta, 1992; Kakabadse Kakabadse, 2002; Lever, 1997), and Vining Globerman (1999) in a research conducted by government agencies that through HR outsourcing organization saved up to 30% in its operating costs. In spite of that difference other studies suggest that while making decision of outsourcing cost should not be only criteria few other factors should also be taken into consideration. In those considerations it must analyze that organizations are availing services of highly competent professionals and customer satisfaction has also increased. (Barthelemy, 2003; Greer, Youngblood Gray, 1999; Gupta Gupta, 1992), by few experts it is said that organizations lose long term advantage (Anderson Weitz, 1986; Greer, Y oungblood Gray, 1999, Gupta Gupta, 1992; Lever, 1997). Studies that have been conducted very recently, Adler (2003) pointed few factors that must be considered while making decision for out sourcing, one how dependent you will be, second is spillover risk, and third is reliability of that organization, capability of that organization, long term sustainability and flexibility. The factors that discussed at first, second, third and fourth position are short term and fifth and sixth positions are long term. Even though there is no accurate method that helps us whether outsourcing is most efficient and effective. Few practical examples are available whether to manufacture or purchase from out side for example Leiblein, Reuer, Dalsace, 2002) findings focus why organization outsource, what are the benefits of outsourcing. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK Todays world of business is very dynamic; every business is striving to sustain its position in the market. HR outsourcing is an emerging concept and gaining an edge with the passage of time. Organizations are moving towards adaptation of this concept. It has been observed that HR outsourcing is beneficial for the organizations. Organizations performance increases with the help of HR outsourcing. Those organizations that have adopted HR outsourcing in their organization are performing better than those that have not focused on HR outsourcing. It shows trend towards HR outsourcing. It is utmost effort of every organization to perform at optimum level and give better result to its stakeholders. Though HR outsourcing organizations avail services of highly competent professionals who assist them to increase their productivity and ultimately this will positively affect the profits of the organizations. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY In this research, I have used survey methods because this is descriptive research and nature of the situation is uncertain, in which management partially is sure about the problem. Questionnaire was used as data collection tool in which structured and close end questions were asked. Total fourteen questions were designed to ask different opinion from the respondents. In all questions different options were given to the respondent to select his choice. Finally when all questionnaire were got filed then I summarized the result in order to finalize my research findings. Apart from questionnaire literature was reviewed thoroughly. By analyzing both primary data collected through questionnaire and secondary data analyzed in literature review, I have concluded my research findings. In this research, my sample size was thirty respondents and all were professionals working in different organizations. They participated in this research and on the basis of responses received from them I finally concluded about this research. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES In this research, 30 respondents were asked to participate. Out of which 27 questionnaires were received. 3 questionnaires were rejected due to fake or incomplete data, ultimately 24 questionnaires were analyzed. All participants were highly qualified HR professionals that were performing their duties in well reputed and leading organizations. Most of the respondents were in 41 to 50 years age bracket but few of them were 51 to 60 years age bracket. All respondents had been serving in the organization for more than five years. In the response to a question that HR department plays a vital role for the development of the organization, 83% responded strongly agree, 9% agreed, and only 8% disagrees with this statement. This shows the importance of the HR department in the organization especially in the light of these responses. Organizations which have highly competent HR professional are stronger than those that are lacking them. Majority of the responded agreed with this statement only a small percent of the responded denied this statement. HR outsourcing leads organization towards success, in the response to this question 95% agreed this statement and 5% were neutral, they did not respond anything. From the response to this question it can be inferred that it is key success factor of the organization if it adopts HR outsourcing. HR outsourcing doubles the performance of organization, response of this question was not completely positive. 56% respondents were neutral and did comment on it, 23% agreed this statement, 21% of respondents disagreed with this statement. It can be inferred from this statement that most of the HR personnel were not sure about it because no quantitative data was available in front of them, so they reserved their response. In the responses to this question, organizations are more competitive that are involved in HR outsourcing, 75% responded strongly agreed with this statement, 18% agreed and only 7% responded who disagreed with this statement. In regards to another question, HR outsourcing gives competitive advantage to the organizations, 88% agreed with this statement, 7% were neutral and only 5% responded disagreed with this statement. From the responses of these two questions it can easily be inferred how HR outsourcing contributes to the development of the organization. Organization attains competitive advantage due to HR outsourcing. Organizations which are involved in HR outsourcing get their HR function done more professionally, 89% of respondents agreed with this statement and only 11% disagreed. HR outsourcing plays vital role in the success of the organization, 53% of the respondents agreed with this statement, 29% were neutral and did choose either side only 8% disagreed with this statement. Though it is emerging concept, most of the HR professionals are not able to differentiate both scenarios. Most of the organizations are moving towards HR outsourcing, 83% respondents agreed it means they have realized the value of the HR outsourcing. Really it is beneficial for the organizations and this is the key success factor for the organizations. Data Validity and Reliability For the collection of data questionnaire was used which was designed according to hypothesis, and nature of information we wanted to ask. All questions were designed in such direction which gave us proper direction towards hypothesis. Secondly, this questionnaire was initially passed through pilot testing process in which any types of problems or errors and unnecessary things were removed that verified authenticity of that questionnaire. Thirdly, this questionnaire was filled by HR professional and they know very well about related field, they were experts and have extensive ideas regarding this field and they responded to the questions based on their deep knowledge and vast experience. As we discussed earlier in this research those respondents were asked to participate who had been working in the organizations for more than five years and they had captured a leading position in their particular department. They were also working in the world class organization,so scope of these peop le was very high their participation in this research gave me a clear picture to draw a better conclusion. Ethical Issues Apart from many issues it is also mandatory for the researcher to take care of ethical issues related with that particular research. As questionnaire that were received from the respondents having confidential data that was unethical to disclose because they provided some personal information and it seemed awkward to deliberately convey others and it also seemed unnecessary that it should be told to any one. All the facts and figures provided by the respondents especially most secrete things were kept as secrete only required thing that were mandatory to analyze has been discussed in this research. One more thing that what ever the result of this research, organizations which use the data for their betterment purpose must take care of one thing that they would not harm their employees. Recommendations In the view of above research it has been recommended to the organizations that HR outsourcing is very important aspect that must be focused. By implementing HR outsourcing most of the organizations availing the benefits of it and others are trying to implement. Few of the organization have not taken any effort to move in this direction. Though the world of business is very dynamic and it is changing rapidly, it has been hard for the most of the organizations to operate in this dynamic world. On each day new products have been introduced in the market and new ideas have been brought in the market. Competition is increasing day by day; every organization is trying to take over other. Businesses are facing very tough competition and it is very hard to respond these daily fluctuations. For the sake of survival, organizations must critically analyze the situation and plan to responds these changes accordingly. If any organization does not take care and it is not worry about what ever is happening in the business world, they may almost go out from the market they do not sustain their competitive positions. As we know HR is key asset of any organization, all physical assets are operated by human resource. Human resource does not have only capability to operate physical assets but it can also bring new ideas by using its analytical skills. If any organization has capable and competent human resource it has an edge to other organization because it can respond well. Capability is bestowed by nature; it does not mean if any one is highly qualified he is capable as well. Any organization that has hired talented human resource it can respond well to the changes occurring in the dynamic business world. HR outsourcing is an emerging concept; most of the organizations have adopted this concept in which organizations get their HR functions done externally. It the light of my research it is strongly recommended that organization must focus to bring changes because it assists them to attain competitive advantage. Those organizations which have not yet considered this fact must focus on it. It would not only save the cost of the organization but it also would help to render the services of highly competent HR professional. As we all know that business world is very dynamic, each day we find new changes in the market. Organizations are striving to introduce innovative and modified products. With the passage of time, necessities of the people have also changed. In order to produce products, offer service according to expectation of customers, organization must hire those people who must be committed and enthusiastic with the organization. So they must go for HR outsourcing for the betterment of their services and to respond the rapidly changes in the market. Conclusion Organization get their human resource function done out side the organization is known as HR outsourcing. With the help of HR outsourcing organization hand over its human resource issues to be resolved by the third party and that third solves all issues related to human resource. With detailed analysis of this research, I have come to this point that HR outsourcing is mandatory for the organizations and gives competitive advantage to the organizations. Finding of this research confirms that though HR outsourcing organizations attain competitive advantage. In this research, respondents who participated were all professional and performing their duties in the leading organizations. Most of the respondents uttered that human resource department plays a vital role in the development of the organizations and really this is the fact because they are the key assets of any organization. All those organization that captured leading positions in the world market, it was due to their expert human resource. In the regard of question whether HR outsourcing is important, many of the respondents positively uttered that it is mandatory and plays most important part in the development of any organization. Because now a days business people know the fact that it is hard to survive in the market until timely actions are not taken. So it can only be possible when they get their HR functions done in professional ways. There would be dual effect of this HR outsourcing, one organization would avail professional guidance at low cost and secondly due to professional capabilities they would try to motivate employees. HR outsourcing increases the work efficiently of the organizations. Productivity of the organizations increases, in view of few questions it was stated that due to competent HR organizations gives better results and perform at expected level. Most of the organizations are now moving to HR outsourcing, there can many reasons behind that. One reason among them can be the tough competition in the market due to that organization has to respond to rapidly changing market. Every day new and improved products or services have been introduced, it has become complex to run the businesses if proper attention is not paid, it has also become matter of survival for the organization thats why efforts are continuously made to bring organization at competition level. Organizations are striving to make changes on daily basis and respond to the external environment accordingly. It is their full effort to pave the way of success. Focus towards HR outsourcing is also one of the parts of this connection. In nut shell, I conclude that organizations attain competitive advantage due to HR outsourcing;they perform better than other organization, and they become successful to attain competitive advantage because they respond the environment quickly if any new change occurs out side the external environment. It increases the productivity of the organizations and they become more efficient. Most of the organizations are now moving towards HR outsourcing because they have realized the importance of HR outsourcing.